Calcium Lignosulphonate, แคลเซียมลิกโนซัลโฟเนต, แคลเซียมลิกโนซัลโฟเนท

LIGNOTECH, BORRESPERSE

Lignosulfonates, or sulfonated lignin, (CAS number 8062-15-5) are water-soluble anionic polyelectrolyte polymers: they are byproducts from the production of wood pulp using sulfite pulping.

Most delignification in sulfite pulping involves acidic cleavage of ether bonds, which connect many of the constituents of lignin

Uses

Lignosulfonates have a wide variety of applications.

The single largest use for lignosulfonates is as plasticizers in making concrete,[1] where they allow concrete to be made with less water (giving stronger concrete) while maintaining the ability of the concrete to flow. Lignosulfonates are also used during the production of cement, where they act as grinding aids in the cement mill and as a rawmix slurry deflocculant (that reduces the viscosity of the slurry).

Lignosulfonates are also used for the production of plasterboard to reduce the amount of water required to make the stucco flow and form the layer between two sheets of paper. The reduction in water content allows lower kiln temperatures to dry the plasterboard, saving energy.

The ability of lignosulfonates to reduce the viscosity of mineral slurries is used to advantage in oil drilling mud, where it replaced tannic acids from quebracho (a tropical tree).

Lignosulfonates are used to disperse pesticides, dyes, carbon black,[6] and other insoluble solids and liquids into water. They are used in tanning leather. They are also used to suppress dust on unpaved roads.

Oxidation of lignosulfonates from softwood trees produced vanillin (artificial vanilla flavor).

Dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl sulfoxide (an important organic solvent) are produced from lignosulfonates. The first step involves heating lignosulfonates with sulfides or elemental sulfur to produce dimethyl sulfide. The methyl groups come from methyl ethers present in the lignin. Oxidation of dimethyl sulfide with nitrogen dioxide produces dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).

Also one of the very wide uses of lignosulfonates is deflocculation of clays used in drilling fluids in the oil and gas industry.

Calcium Lignosulphonate, Dispersant for wettable powders, dry flowables and extruded water dispersible granules. Binder for granules and seed coatings

Description:

Calcium Lignosulphonate is a anionic surfactant. It is a water-reducing agent in concrete construction,and an excellent adhesive in refinery application.

Main application:

1 water-reducing agent

a. prefabricated or fresh concrete construction.

b. preparation of antifreezing, pump-deliverable water reducing agent.

c. preparation of different type of water reducing agent.

2 adhesive

a. It is used as mineral powder adhesive to improve recovery rate in refinery process.

b. It is an excellent adhesive for fireproof products. It can improve the products' strength and prevent cracks.

c. It reduces the viscosity of clay and improves the product yields in the ceramic fabrication.

d. If is added with phenol type additives in electrolysis, purer precipitates is formed.

The Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food provides a scientific opinion on the safety of calcium lignosulphonate (40-65) when used as a carrier for vitamins and carotenoids intended to be added to foods for colouring and nutrient purposes. Calcium lignosulphonate (40-65) has been evaluated by JECFA and an ADI of 20 mg/kg bw/day was established. Calcium lignosulphonate (40-65) is poorly absorbed following oral administration. From the results obtained in vitro from one bacterial reverse mutation assay and one mammalian chromosomal aberration assay it can be concluded that there is no indication for a genotoxic potential of calcium lignosulphonate (40-65). In a short-term 28-day toxicity study, a NOAEL of 1500 mg/kg bw/day was identified for calcium lignosulphonate (40-65) based on minimal focal/multifocal chronic inflammation in the rectum of male rats. In a 90-day subchronic toxicity study the petitioner identified a NOAEL of 2000 mg/kg bw/day for calcium lignosulphonate (40-65), the highest dose tested. The Panel, however, considered this study inadequate for evaluating the safety of calcium lignosulphonate (40-65) due to the high incidence of lymphoid hyperplasia and lymphoid infiltration in the mandibular and mesenteric lymph nodes, in the Peyer’s patches and in the liver in all animals, including controls. Therefore, the Panel considers that available data on calcium lignosulphonate (40-65) are insufficient to establish an ADI. Furthermore, the Panel considers that long-term toxicity studies are needed to elucidate whether the histiocytosis in the mesenteric lymph nodes of the rats observed in the inadequate 90-day toxicity study may progress into a more adverse state with time. Overall, based on the available information, the Panel concludes that the safety of use of calcium lignosulphonate (40-65), as a carrier for vitamins and carotenoids intended to be added to foods for colouring and nutrient purposes, cannot be assessed.

© European Food Safety Authority, 2010

Summary

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety of calcium lignosulphonate (40-65) when used as a carrier for vitamins and carotenoids intended to be added to foods for colouring and nutrient purposes.  According to the petitioner, the proposed name of calcium lignosulphonate (40-65) distinguishes the product from other available calcium lignosulphonates presenting lower degrees of lignin polymerisation and higher content of sugars. Lignosulphonates are used in a variety of food manufacturing applications including dispensing, binding, complexing and emulsifying. Calcium lignosulphonate (40-65) is an amorphous yellow-brown to brown polymer derived from lignin, not having a well defined structural or molecular formula, with an average molecular weight between 40000 and 65000 g/mol. In vitro and in vivo assays have shown that calcium lignosulphonate (40-65) is poorly absorbed by the oral route.

Calcium lignosulphonate (40-65) has been tested in in vitro genotoxicity, short-term, subchronic and developmental toxicity studies in accordance with recognised guidelines. No long-term or carcinogenicity studies were conducted with calcium lignosulphonate (40-65).

From the results obtained in vitro from one bacterial reverse mutation assay and one mammalian chromosomal aberration assay it can be concluded that there is no indication for a genotoxic potentialof calcium lignosulphonate (40-65). The Panel noted that a test for induction of gene mutations in mammalian cells in vitro, as recommended by the Guidance on submissions for food additive evaluations (SCF, 2001), has not been performed. The petitioner considered that such an assay was unnecessary since, given its high molecular weight, calcium lignosulphonate (40-65) is unlikely to enter the cells. The Panel agreed with this argument. In a short-term 28-day toxicity study a No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of 1500 mg/kg bw/day was identified for calcium lignosulphonate (40-65) based on minimal focal/multifocal chronic inflammation in the rectum of male rats. In a 90-day subchronic toxicity study, the petitioner identified a NOAEL of 2000 mg/kg bw/day for calcium lignosulphonate (40-65), the highest dose tested. The Panel, however, considers this study inadequate for evaluating the safety of calcium lignosulphonate (40-65) due to the high incidence of lymphoid hyperplasia and lymphoid infiltration in the mandibular and mesenteric lymph nodes, in the Peyer’s patches and in the liver in all animals, including controls.

In a developmental toxicity study (21 days) in the rat, no treatment-related effects in dams or fetuses were reported up to the highest dose tested and a NOAEL of 1000 mg/kg bw/day can be identified for calcium lignosulphonate (40-65) from this study.

Exposure estimates were based on the reported European high percentile intakes of vitamins from food and Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs) of vitamins for children and adults, and on the percentage of calcium lignosulphonate (40-65) proposed by the petitioner to be used as a carrier. The maximum intake of calcium lignosulphonate (40-65) resulting from its use as a carrier for vitamin A cannot be estimated for children under 10 years old and adults, as the food intake of this vitamin is higher than the UL. The maximum intake of calcium lignosulphonate (40-65) resulting from its use as a carrier for vitamin A varies between approximately 500 and 3700 µg/day for children aged 11-17 years. The maximum intake of calcium lignosulphonate (40-65) resulting from its use as a carrier for vitamin D ranges from approximately 2100 to 8000 µg/day for children under 18 years old and it is approximately 6500 µg/day for adults. The maximum intake of calcium lignosulphonate (40-65) resulting from its use as a carrier for vitamin E ranges from 88.8 to 224.3 mg/day for children under 18 years old and is 264 mg/day for adults. The maximum intake of calcium lignosulphonate (40-65) resulting from its use as a carrier for vitamin K is less than 200 mg/day.

The maximum intake of calcium lignosulphonate (40-65) resulting from its use as a carrier for multivitamins (vitamins A, D, E and K) ranges from 366.9 to 410.4 mg/day for children aged 11 to 17 years, ranges from 278.7 to 318.7 mg/day for children aged 3-10 years, is 265.3 mg/day for children under 3 years old, and is 439.3 mg/day for adults.

Exposure estimates of calcium lignosulphonate (40-65), resulting from its use as carrier for carotenoids as proposed by the petitioner, were based on the estimated intake of carotenoids from natural sources, food additives and food supplements. The estimated intakes of calcium lignosulphonate (40-65), resulting from its use as a carrier, ranges from less than 10 to over 100 mg/day for b-carotene and zeaxanthin, from less than 10 to 95 mg/day for lutein and from less than 10 to 125 mg/day for lycopene. No estimates have been made for intake of calcium lignosulphonate (40-65) resulting from its use as a carrier for canthaxanthin (food colour limited to saucisses de Strasbourg) and b-apo-8’carotenal (no intake data available and no uses as food supplement) as their intakes are likely to be low. The Panel cannot provide a more refined exposure assessment for calcium lignosulphonate (40-65) resulting from its use as carrier for these colours since these colours are still under evaluation in Europe and their intakes have not yet been evaluated.

 The Panel considers that the available data on calcium lignosulphonate (40-65) were insufficient to establish an ADI.The Panel further considers that the 90-day study with a 4-week recovery period is inadequate for the evaluation of the safety of calcium lignosulphonate (40-65). Therefore, the Panel considers that long-term toxicity studies are needed to elucidate whether the histiocytosis in the mesenteric lymph nodes of the rats observed in the inadequate 90-day toxicity study may progress into a more adverse state with time.

Overall, based on the available information, the Panel concludes that the safety of use of calcium lignosulphonate (40-65), as a carrier for vitamins and carotenoids intended to be added to foods for colouring and nutrient purposes, cannot be assessed.

Keywords

Calcium lignosulphonate (40-65), CAS No. 8061-52-7, lignosulphonic acid calcium salt, calcium lignosulphate, lignin calcium sulphonate, carrier, vitamins and carotenoids

สอบถามข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมได้ที่ ฝ่ายขาย

Thai Poly Chemicals Co., Ltd.

บริษัท ไทยโพลีเคมิคอล จำกัด

ที่อยู่36/5 ม.9  แขวง/ตำบลนาดี  เขต/อำเภอเมืองสมุทรสาคร  จังหวัดสมุทรสาคร รหัสไปรษณีย์74000

Tel.: 034854888, 034496284

Fax.: 034854899, 034496285

Mobile: 0824504888, 0800160016

Website : www.thaipolychemicals.com

Email1 : thaipolychemicals@hotmail.com

Email2 : info@thaipolychemicals.com