Titanium Dioxide, TiO2, ทิทาเนียมไดออกไซด์, ไททาเนียมไดออกไซด์

 

ไทเทเนียมไดออกไซด์เป็นสารเก่าแก่ชนิดหนึ่งเท่าๆกับโลกของเรา และเป็นหนึ่งใน 50ชนิดของสารที่ผลิตมากที่สุดทั่วโลก ลักษณะโดยทั่วไปมีสีขาว ทึบแสงเกิดเองตามธรรมชาติมี 2 รูปแบบ ใหญ่ คือ รูไทล์และอานาเทสทั้ง 2รูปแบบมีไทเทเนียมไดออกไซด์บริสุทธิ์อยู่กับสารปนเปื้อนต้องผ่านกระบวนการทางเคมีจึงจะนำสารปนเปื้อนออกได้เหลือไว้แต่ไทเทเนียมไดออกไซด์บริสุทธิ์ไทเทเนียมไดออกไซด์เป็นสารสีที่มีสีขาวมีประโยชน์สำหรับการใช้งานได้หลากหลายเนื่องจากมันไม่มีกลิ่นและมีความสามารถในการดูดซับแร่ชนิดนี้พบได้ในหลายผลิตภัณฑ์ตั้งแต่สีทาบ้านไปถึงอาหารและเครื่องสำอางในกลุ่มเครื่องสำอางใช้เพื่อหลายวัตถุประสงค์ไทเทเนียมไดออกไซด์เป็นสารสีที่มีสีขาวเป็นตัวที่ทำให้เกิดการทึบแสงและเป็นตัวป้องกันแสงแดด TiO2 หรือไทเทเนียมไดออกไซด์ ได้ถูกพบมานานหลายทศวรรษ เป็น Green Product ปลอดภัยต่อมนุษย์และสิ่งแวดล้อม TiO2 มีการใช้งานในอุตสาหกรรมหลายประเภท อาทิเช่น อุตสาหกรรมการทำสีผสมอาหารที่เป็นสีขาว ใช้เป็นสารเคลือบขนมช็อกโกแลต ยาสีฟัน เป็นส่วนประกอบในแป้ง สบู่ เครื่องสำอาง ลิปสติก ครีมกันแดด ใช้ในผลิตภัณฑ์บรรจุอาหาร ผสมในยาสูบ และสีทาอาคาร ฯลฯ แม้กระทั่งการทำรากฟันเทียม รวมถึงการใช้เป็นองค์ประกอบหลักในการทำยาในประเทศญี่ปุ่น ดังนั้น TiO2 จึงเป็นสารที่มีความปลอดภัยต่อมนุษย์สูงมาก ไทเทเนียมไดออกไซด์ถูกจัดอยู่ในกลุ่มของสารสีที่ปลอดภัย ไม่ใช่สารที่อยู่ในกลุ่มของสารก่อมะเร็ง สารที่ก่อให้เกิดการกลายพันธุ์ สารที่ทำให้ตัวอ่อนในครรภ์เกิดความผิดปกติ หรือสารที่มีพิษ ด้วยเหตุนี้จึงสรุปได้ว่าไทเทเนียมไดออกไซด์ไม่ใช่สารที่มีพิษ โดยทั่วไปมีความปลอดภัยในการใช้กับอาหาร ยา สี และเครื่องสำอาง แต่นี่ไม่ใช่ข้อยุติสำหรับการโต้แย้ง ความปลอดภัยของไทเทเนียมไดออกไซด์ในอีกรูปแบบหนึ่งยังไม่ได้กล่าวถึง หนึ่งในรูปแบบของแร่ หรือการสกัดแร่รวมถึงไทเทเนียมไดออกไซด์ที่ควรคำนึงถึงคือ อนุภาคขนาดเล็กหรืออนุภาคขนาดนาโน ด้วยความก้าวหน้าทางด้านเทคโนโลยีทำให้สามารถทำแร่ให้มีขนาดเล็กได้อย่างที่ไม่เคยเป็นมาก่อน ขณะที่หลายส่วนชื่นชมกับเทคโนโลยีใหม่ บางส่วนเตือนถึงอันตรายที่ซ่อนอยู่ภายในที่มาถึงร่างกายของเรา มีการศึกษาพบว่าอนุภาคขนาดเล็กของไทเทเนียมไดออกไซด์รูปแบบอนาเทส ซึ่งมีขนาดเล็กกว่า 0.1 ไมโครเมตร ก่อให้เกิดโรคได้

Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania, is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium, chemical formula TiO2. When used as a pigment, it is called titanium white, Pigment White 6 (PW6), or CI 77891. Generally it is sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase. It has a wide range of applications, from paint to sunscreen to food colouring. When used as a food colouring, it has E number E171.

Production

The production method depends on the feedstock. The most common method for the production of titanium dioxide utilizes ilmenite. Ilmenite is mixed with sulfuric acid. This reacts to remove the iron oxide group in the ilmenite. The by-product iron(II) sulfate is crystallized and filtered-off to yield only the titanium salt in the digestion solution. This product is called synthetic rutile. This is further processed in a similar way to rutile to give the titanium dioxide product. Synthetic rutile and titanium slags are made especially for titanium dioxide production.[18] The use of ilminite ore usually only produces pigment grade titanium dioxide. Another method for the production of synthetic rutile from ilminite utilizes the Becher Process.

Rutile is the second most abundant mineral sand. Rutile found in primary rock cannot be extracted hence the deposits containing rutile sand can be mined meaning a reduced availability to the high concentration ore. Crude titanium dioxide (in the form of rutile or synthetic rutile) is purified via converting to titanium tetrachloride in the chloride process. In this process, the crude ore (containing at least 70% TiO2) is reduced with carbon, oxidized with chlorine to give titanium tetrachloride; i.e., carbothermal chlorination. This titanium tetrachloride is distilled, and re-oxidized in a pure oxygen flame or plasma at 1500–2000 K to give pure titanium dioxide while also regenerating chlorine.[19] Aluminium chloride is often added to the process as a rutile promotor; the product is mostly anatase in its absence. The preferred raw material for the chloride process is natural rutile because of its high titanium dioxide content.

One method for the production of titanium dioxide with relevance to nanotechnology is solvothermal Synthesis of titanium dioxide.

Applications

The most important application areas are paints and varnishes as well as paper and plastics: They process about 80% of the world's titanium dioxide consumption. Other pigment applications like printing inks, fibers, rubber, cosmetic products and foodstuffs account for another 8%. The rest is used in other applications, for instance the production of technical pure titanium, glass and glass ceramics, electrical ceramics, catalysts, electric conductors and chemical intermediates.

Pigment

Titanium dioxide is the most widely used white pigment because of its brightness and very high refractive index, in which it is surpassed only by a few other materials. Approximately 4.6 million tons of pigmentary TiO2 are used annually worldwide, and this number is expected to increase as utilization continues to rise.[25] When deposited as a thin film, its refractive index and colour make it an excellent reflective optical coating for dielectric mirrors and some gemstones like "mystic fire topaz". TiO2 is also an effective opacifier in powder form, where it is employed as a pigment to provide whiteness and opacity to products such as paints, coatings, plastics, papers, inks, foods, medicines (i.e. pills and tablets) as well as most toothpastes. In paint, it is often referred to offhandedly as "the perfect white", "the whitest white", or other similar terms. Opacity is improved by optimal sizing of the titanium dioxide particles. Some grades of titanium based pigments as used in sparkly paints, plastics, finishes and pearlescent cosmetics are man-made pigments whose particles have two or more layers of various oxides – often titanium dioxide, iron oxide or alumina – in order to have glittering, iridescent and or pearlescent effects similar to crushed mica or guanine-based products. In addition to these effects a limited color change is possible in certain formulations depending on how and at which angle the finished product is illuminated and the thickness of the oxide layer in the pigment particle; one or more colours appear by reflection while the other tones appear due to interference of the transparent titanium dioxide layers.[26] In some products, the layer of titanium dioxide is grown in conjunction with iron oxide by calcination of titanium salts (sulfates, chlorates) around 800 °C or other industrial deposition methods such as chemical vapour deposition on substrates such as mica platelets or even silicon dioxide crystal platelets of no more than 50 µm in diameter. The iridescent effect in these titanium oxide particles (which are only partly natural) is unlike the opaque effect obtained with usual ground titanium oxide pigment obtained by mining, in which case only a certain diameter of the particle is considered and the effect is due only to scattering.

In ceramic glazes titanium dioxide acts as an opacifier and seeds crystal formation.

Titanium dioxide has been shown statistically to increase skimmed milk's whiteness, increasing skimmed milk's sensory acceptance score.

Titanium dioxide is used to mark the white lines of some tennis courts.

The exterior of the Saturn V rocket was painted with titanium dioxide; this later allowed astronomers to determine that J002E3 was the S-IVB stage from Apollo 12 and not an asteroid.

Sunscreen and UV blocking pigments in the industry

In cosmetic and skin care products, titanium dioxide is used as a pigment, sunscreen and a thickener. It is also used as a tattoo pigment and in styptic pencils. Titanium dioxide is produced in varying particle sizes, oil and water dispersible, and in certain grades for the cosmetic industry.

Titanium dioxide is found in almost every sunscreen with a physical blocker because of its high refractive index, its strong UV light absorbing capabilities and its resistance to discolouration under ultraviolet light. This advantage enhances its stability and ability to protect the skin from ultraviolet light. Nano-scaled titanium dioxide particles are primarily used in sun screen lotion because they scatter visible light less than titanium dioxide pigments while still providing UV protection. Sunscreens designed for infants or people with sensitive skin are often based on titanium dioxide and/or zinc oxide, as these mineral UV blockers are believed to cause less skin irritation than other UV absorbing chemicals.

This pigment is used extensively in plastics and other applications not only as a white pigment or an opacifier but also for its UV resistant properties where the powder disperses the light – unlike organic UV absorbers – and reduces UV damage, due mostly to the extremely high refractive index of the particles. Certain polymers used in coatings for concrete or those used to impregnate concrete as a reinforcement are sometimes charged with titanium white pigment for UV shielding in the construction industry, but it only delays the oxidative photodegradation of the polymer in question, which is said to "chalk" as it flakes off due to lowered impact strength and may crumble after years of exposure in direct sunlight if UV stabilizers have not been included, Titanium dioxide, particularly in the anatase form, is a photocatalyst under ultraviolet (UV) light. Recently it has been found that titanium dioxide, when spiked with nitrogen ions or doped with metal oxide like tungsten trioxide, is also a photocatalyst under either visible or UV light. The strong oxidative potential of the positive holes oxidizes water to create hydroxyl radicals. It can also oxidize oxygen or organic materials directly. Titanium dioxide is thus added to paints, cements, windows, tiles, or other products for its sterilizing, deodorizing and anti-fouling properties and is used as a hydrolysis catalyst. It is also used in dye-sensitized solar cells, which are a type of chemical solar cell (also known as a Graetzel cell).

The photocatalytic properties of titanium dioxide were discovered by Akira Fujishima in 1967 and published in 1972. The process on the surface of the titanium dioxide was called the Honda-Fujishima effect. Titanium dioxide has potential for use in energy production: as a photocatalyst, it can carry out hydrolysis; i.e., break water into hydrogen and oxygen. With the hydrogen collected, it could be used as a fuel. The efficiency of this process can be greatly improved by doping the oxide with carbon. Further efficiency and durability has been obtained by introducing disorder to the lattice structure of the surface layer of titanium dioxide nanocrystals, permitting infrared absorption.

Titanium dioxide can also produce electricity when in nanoparticle form. Research suggests that by using these nanoparticles to form the pixels of a screen, they generate electricity when transparent and under the influence of light. If subjected to electricity on the other hand, the nanoparticles blacken, forming the basic characteristics of a LCD screen. According to creator Zoran Radivojevic, Nokia has already built a functional 200-by-200-pixel monochromatic screen which is energetically self-sufficient.

In 1995 Fujishima and his group discovered the superhydrophilicity phenomenon for titanium dioxide coated glass exposed to sun light. This resulted in the development of self-cleaning glass and anti-fogging coatings.

TiO2 incorporated into outdoor building materials, such as paving stones in noxer blocks[38] or paints, can substantially reduce concentrations of airborne pollutants such as volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides.

A photocatalytic cement that uses titanium dioxide as a primary component, produced by Italcementi Group, was included in Time's Top 50 Inventions of 2008.

Attempts have been made to photocatalytically mineralize pollutants (to convert into CO2 and H2O) in waste water. TiO2 offers great potential as an industrial technology for detoxification or remediation of wastewater due to several factors:

 1.The process uses natural oxygen and sunlight and thus occurs under ambient conditions; it is wavelength selective and is accelerated by UV light.

 2.The photocatalyst is inexpensive, readily available, non-toxic, chemically and mechanically stable, and has a high turnover.

 3.The formation of photocyclized intermediate products, unlike direct photolysis techniques, is avoided.

 4.Oxidation of the substrates to CO2 is complete.

 5.TiO2 can be supported on suitable reactor substrates.

Electronic data storage medium

In 2010, researchers at the University of Tokyo, Japan have created a crystal form of titanium oxide with particles 5 to 20 nanometers that can be switched between two states with light. Use of the 5 nm particles could theoretically lead to a 25 TB storage disc.

Titanium dioxide in solution or suspension can be used to cleave protein that contains the amino acid proline at the site where proline is present. This breakthrough in cost-effective protein splitting took place at Arizona State University in 2006.

 Titanium dioxide is also used as a material in the memristor, a new electronic circuit element. It can be employed for solar energy conversion based on dye, polymer, or quantum dot sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 solar cells using conjugated polymers as solid electrolytes.

 Synthetic single crystals and films of TiO2 are used as a semiconductor,[46] and also in Bragg-stack style dielectric mirrors due to the high refractive index of TiO2 (2.5–2.9).

Titanium dioxide pigment (chemical symbol: TiO2) is an inorganic white pigment found in an array of end-uses, including coatings and plastics, which account for more than 80 percent of global consumption.  Tronox markets a range of titanium dioxide pigment grades, and our talented team of scientists works to enhance the performance of products in our customers’ current and future applications.

Tronox is one of only five major producers of TiO2 with proprietary chloride process technology.  The chloride process, which accounts for 100 percent of pigment production gross capacity, produces pigment grades with a brighter appearance that is often preferred by manufacturers of coatings and plastics.

TiO2 is among the lowest-cost producers of the product globally.  This is of particular importance as it positions TiO2 to be competitive through all facets of the TiO2 cycle.  In addition, our company’s three TiO2 production facilities are strategically positioned in key geographies to reach key markets worldwide.

Titanium Technologies is the world’s largest manufacturer of titanium dioxide products. We are dedicated to providing value for our customers, who subsequently supply the world with coatings, plastics, laminate and paper products. We deliver industry-leading innovation that addresses the growing worldwide demand for high quality titanium dioxide by working to create brighter, more efficient pigments. Even beyond the products we deliver, we also strive to be a partner that enables the development of sustainable solutions to customer challenges, further enhancing their business performance. In addition to being known as a leader in safety and ethics within the TiO2 industry for over 80 years, Titanium Technologies is a technological innovator. Since the invention and implementation of the chloride manufacturing process in the 1950’s, consistent advancement in TiO2 pigment design has expanded its quality and utility across the numerous applications in which it is a component. Fostering innovation to improve the quality of our customers’ experience as well as our products has always been a critical component of our success, and will continue to do so as we build upon our 80+ years of expertise.

Molecular formulation:TiO2

Molecular weight:79.9 is 4.1,and the chemical properties are stable.

Characteristic, Silicon oxide-alunminum oxide(more silicon less aluminum)coated,strong covering power,good dispersible power,good optical properties,extremely good durability and chalking resistance,good dry powder fluidity,very good gardner salability.

Usage:Suitable for coatings,plastics,plastic steel sectional materials,rubber products,paper making,leather products,automobile surface paintings,automobile refinish paintings,etc.

Package:Plastic and paper compound value bag,net of each bag:25kg,1000kg etc.The package of the product exported can be negotiated with the client.

TiO2 is High-gloss paint, Decorative coating, Coil coatings, Water-based paint, Oil-based paint, plastics (PVC, PE, polystyrene and polyurethane), masterbatch, rubber, high-grade printing ink and paper

•Main Property

1.Excellent whiteness

2.Excellent dispersibility

3.Excellent weatherability

4.High tinting power

TiO2 Rutile Titanium Dioxide for General Purpose    is general used in

1.indoor&outdoor coatings

2.interior and exterior latex paints

3.industrial coatings

4.powder coatings

5.plastics(PVC,PE)

6.masterbatch

7.printing ink and paper making, etc....

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